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Chesaning in 1877, Part 1: East Village

Now that we have determined our starting point (or rather had one determined for us by the vagaries of historical preservation), the next step is to develop an understanding of the physical layout of the village.  This will make it easier to track the development of Chesaning over time.

Fortunately, those same vagaries of historical preservation have provided a truly excellent resource in the form of a work titled Atlas of Saginaw Co., Michigan: From Recent and Actual Surveys and Records, which was published back in 1877 by the New York-based firm of F. W. Beers & Co.

Chesaning Village East (1877)

This atlas contains a surprisingly accurate and detailed map of entire village of Chesaning which was produced around the same time as The Chesaning Argus was starting its run.

The only real flaw with this map is that even though it was produced in 1877, it was likely based on older information that was slightly out of date.  However, by comparing the map to the surviving historical record, it should be possible to develop a comprehensive understanding of the old village layout.

We can also superimpose an outline of the 1877 map over a modern satellite image in order to show exactly where each building was positioned.

  1.  Waverly House.
  2.  Barn.
  3.  Blacksmith & Wagon Shop.
  4.  Chesaning Foundry.
  5.  Planing Mill.
  6.  Planing Mill.
  7.  Saloon.
  8.  Wagon Shop.
  9.  Tailor Shop.
  10.  Commercial Building.
  11.  Commercial Building.

The most notable location is perhaps the Waverly House (1), which is one of the two major hotels that were open in Chesaning at this time, the other being the Chesaning House, which was located on the west side of town.

The exact origin of its name remains unknown, although it may ultimately derive from the novel Waverly, a work of historical fiction written by Sir Walter Scott, and published in 1814.  The book enjoyed considerable success, and Waverly soon became a popular place name during the 19th century.

There were many prominent hotels across America that also carried the name Waverly House, and I assume that one of these served as the inspiration for name of the hotel in Chesaning.

I’m not sure exactly when it built, but it was already there in the autumn of 1869, when it was the lone survivor of a fire that destroyed an entire block of stores on the north side of Broad Street.

Waverly House (Post Hotel)
Waverly House

It later became known as the Post Hotel, after owner Garrett Post (1823-1898).

Garrett Post was born in New York City, but after losing both parents at the age of ten, he was sent to live with relatives of his mother in New Jersey.  He later moved to Auburn, New York as a young man, where he became a blacksmith.

He was married to Catharine Maynard (1829-1909) in 1847, and moved to Michigan four years later, settling in Pine Run, near the village of Clio.

The family came to Chesaning in October, 1869, but returned to their home in Pine Run the next spring. They came back to Chesaning in 1875, and Garrett became proprietor of the Waverly House,

The barn (2), which can be seen over to the right in the above photograph, is presumed to be connected to the hotel.

Broad Street & Bridge
Broad Street looking west across the river (1878).

Next are a pair of blacksmith shops located next to the bridge, on either side of Broad Street, which can both be seen to the extreme left and extreme right in the photo above.

I believe that the Blacksmith & Wagon Shop (3) is the one belonging to Henry Jones (1828-1904).

Directly across the street is another blacksmith shop, the Chesaning Foundry (4).  Its owners were were a pair of brothers, Andrew Wilson (1844-1918) and George Wilson (1848-1919).

The brothers grew up on the family farm in New York, and Andrew Wilson served in the 126th New York Infantry during the Civil War.

He was captured by confederate forces under the command of “Stonewall” Jackson at the Battle of Harpers Ferry, on September 15, 1862, but was soon released.  He then served in the Veteran Reserve (Invalid) Corps for the remainder of the war, indicating that he had been seriously wounded during the battle.

George Wilson came to Michigan sometime around 1870, and worked as a moulder in a foundry down in Fenton.  He and his brother Andrew both arrived in Chesaning in 1877 and opened the new foundry together.

Note the surprisingly modern sounding term “the Boss.” It turns out that this phrase did in fact start to come into use around this time.

Behind the foundry were a pair of large buildings that housed the shingle and planing mill (5,6) owned by Austin Belden (1828-1911) and DeWitt Allen (1846-1930), which also manufactured window sashes, doors, and blinds.

A planing-mill, managed by A. A. Belden & Co.; mill was built in 1868 on the site of one that was burned; has a 15-horse-power engine, New York make. Employs on an average 15 men.

History of Saginaw County, Chas. C. Chapman & Co. (1881), pg. 805.

Austin Belden was a native of New York, but his family relocated to Macomb County when Austin was still only a boy.  He remained in Macomb as a young man, where he was “in the employ of an Eastern firm as a finance man”.

He was married to Elizabeth Hewett (1835-1897), a physician’s daughter from Detroit, in 1855, and the following year the couple moved to a farm near Corunna to start a family together.

He came to Chesaning in 1870 or 1871.

DeWitt Allen

DeWitt Allen was a farmer from New York, who arrived in Chesaning sometime in the early 1870s, and took up a career as a carpenter and joiner.

Just across the street was a saloon (7) belonging to the firm of George Smith & Son.

George Smith (1832-1908) was the son of William Smith (1800-1883), one of the town’s earliest settlers.

William had served at various times as postmaster, justice of the peace, and even as county judge. He named his son George Wellington Chapman Smith, in honor of two of Chesaning’s founding fathers, George Chapman and Wellington Chapman.

George Smith had quite the pedigree, so one would assume that his saloon was one of the more respectable establishments of this type, as befits a member of the local gentry.

Next door to the saloon is the wagon shop (8) of Charles Prindle (1822-1895), who was a recent arrival to Chesaning.

The tailor shop (9) was owned by William Goetzen (1829-1903).

Merchant Tailor. Dealer in Cloths, Casimeres, Vestings, Tailors' Trimmings, Gents' Furninshing Goods, Machine Twist of all colors. All work guaranteed to give satisfaction.

Atlas of Saginaw Co. Michigan, F.W. Beers (1877), pg. 126.

William Goetzen was born in Ostenberg, Prussia, and began working as a tailor at the age of fifteen.

He came to the United States in 1857, and settled in Owosso, where in 1860 he was married to Fredericka Wiertenberg (1838-1903), a fellow native of Ostenberg.

Shortly after their marriage, the couple relocated to Cleveland, where they lived for eight years.  The pair then returned to Owosso for a short time, before finally settling in Chesaning in 1868.

William Goetzen (1829-1903)
William Goetzen

The building that houses his tailor shop has an interesting history of its own.

It’s original location was on the opposite side of Commercial street, and it was the town’s first purpose-built schoolhouse, commissioned by the newly organized school district in 1845.

Chesaning’s first, ad hoc schoolhouse was a small wooden shanty down near the river towards the lower end of Canal Street.   Teacher and students were forced to flee one day due to flooding, and it was wisely decided that a new school would be built at the top of a nearby hill.

In 1848 this new schoolhouse was determined to be sitting on privately owned land, and so was moved across the street to a vacant lot.

For several years it served as both a schoolhouse and a meeting space for the village council, and also served as a gathering place for local religious services before a proper church could be built.

In 1853 the village voted to relocate the school and town hall to a new building on the west side of the river. The old schoolhouse was left where it was.

William Goetzen purchased the lot where it stood when he came to Chesaning, and used the former schoolhouse as a temporary residence before building a proper home.

He then repurposed it into a tailor shop.

Based on their size and shape, it appears that both of the structures that stood at the corner of Broad and Washington Streets were commercial buildings of some kind, but the 1877 map gives no indication of their purpose.

It’s hard to make out who the first commercial building (10) belongs to, but I believe it’s someone with the initials C. M.

This could be Christian Moessner (1834-1924), an immigrant from Wurtemberg, Germany who came to America in 1851, spending two years in Grand Rapids and several more in Owosso, before arriving in Chesaning sometime around 1870.

He mostly sold shoes and boots at his retail store, but also handled groceries.

The owner of the next commercial building (11) is even harder to identify, but appears to be Mr. M or Mrs. M.

This might be Aaron Mallory (1819-1894), who is listed as a carpenter and joiner from Chesaning.  A map of the village from several years later specifically identifies this building as a carpentry shop, and I believe it may have served the same function in 1877.

Hopefully more information becomes available in the future that will help us correctly identify the function of these two commercial buildings.

On the subject commercial buildings, you will not, ironically, find any of them on Commercial Street.  You will however, find a pair of churches, both among the earliest ever built in the village.

     12.  German Lutheran Church.
     13.  German Evangelical Church.

Back as early as 1867, a Lutheran pastor from Saginaw was traveling on foot or on horseback to hold services for a group of German speaking Lutherans living near Chesaning. These gatherings were usually held in a schoolhouse north of town, possibly the Morleytown schoolhouse at the corner of Sharon and Gary Roads.

This group decided, in 1873, to move these services to the village town hall on Saginaw Street, and went on to establish The First German Evangelical Lutheran Zion Church of Chesaning around the same time.

Two German Churches
The two churches on Commercial Street, the German Lutheran (foreground) and German Evangelical (background).

The congregation purchased a small plot of land on Commercial Street for the price of $50.00 in 1874, and construction of the new German Lutheran Church (12) was finally completed in 1877.

Features which we would find unusual today were: an altar with the pulpit located behind and above the altar, a porch with steps which seemed to lead into thin air to enable the ladies easily to enter or leave the horse drawn wagons and buggies, hitching posts located along the side of the building.

During services, conducted in German, the men would sit on one side of the building and the woman and children on the other side. There was, of course, no central heating system or running water, two small buildings located behind the church provided all the comforts of home.

Zion Evengelical Luthern Church 1873-1973, United Chruch Directories (1973), pg. 4.

The Evangelical Association of Chesaning was first organized in 1871.  The congregation consisted of German settlers and their families, and religious services were conducted exclusively in German.

The congregation held their meetings in a rented hall until 1877, when the German Evangelical Church (13) was erected on this corner.

Our final point of interest lies on the north side of Liberty Street, just west of Main Street, and it is the site of the old village cemetery.

     14.  Liberty Street Cemetery.

The first official cemetery in Chesaning was not established until 1856, when the township board purchased a one acre plot of land somewhere just north of the village.

It was quickly discovered to be unsuitable for use as a burial ground due to drainage issues, and in 1857 the board began searching for a more suitable location.

They purchased a second plot of land on North Line Street, somewhere near to Owosso Street, but this location was also soon abandoned, possibly before any burials could take place.

In April of 1859, the township board established a committee to find a suitable location, and they acquired a two-acre plot of land that became known as the Liberty Street Cemetery (14).

The land originally belonged to John Turner, an early pioneer who was very active in politics, having served as a township supervisor, chairman of the county board, and even a state representative.

John Turner’s wife had died in 1855, and she was buried on his own property. Other people who needed a place to bury their dead were given permission to use this two-acre plot of land, and it became a cemetery more as a matter of local custom than an official act.

John Turner had left Chesaning in 1858, when he was elected Sheriff, and ended up either selling or donating the cemetery to the township for public use.

However, the township was already in the process of acquiring the site that would become Wildwood Cemetery, which they purchased in 1860.  Wildwood was seen to be a superior location, and it quickly eclipsed the cemetery on Liberty Street.

One lifetime resident of Chesaning, Parna Stuart (1864-1964), who lived on the Corner of Canal and Main Street as a girl, had no memory of anyone being buried at the Liberty Street Cemetery during her lifetime.

The cemetery was eventually abandoned, although local historian Mark Ireland (1880-1963) recalled there being headstones on the site as late as 1894.

The remains of the cemetery’s original occupant, Mrs. Turner, were eventually moved to Wildwood cemetery, as were all the rest of the graves, we are left to assume.

Everything will be fine.
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